It has long been speculated as to what measurement lengths were used to build the Pyramids of Giza. The pyramids are perhaps the most measured buildings in history and yet their dimensions remain an enigma with only the weak suggestion that the Royal Cubit may have been used to determine a few of the dimensions determined such as the King’s Chamber in the pyramid of Khufu.
To finally discover the measurement units used we need to go back to Neolithic Scotland and examine the dimensions of the hundreds of Stone Circle remains to reveal the rulers used to measure the radii and circumferences of these monuments that pre-date the construction of the Pyramids of Giza by some 500 years.
A mathematical re-analysis of the measurement data made by Professor Thom (of Megalithic Yard fame)in his extensive surveys of stone circles carried out over decades of committed research has finally revealed the rulers used to construct the Scottish stone circles which emerge as distinctive peaks from graphs of the frequency that certain lengths appear from the division of the stone circle's internal radius data from dozens of the best-preserved circles.
The Neolithic measurement lengths indicated by the analysis are 35.96cm, 41.12cm, 45.75cm, 46.35cm, 50.00cm, 52.36cm, 56.48cm, 58.25cm. 63.66cm, 80.9cm, 116.5cm and 161.8cm.
Whilst it might seem chaotic that 12 measurement lengths should be used simultaneously we need to understand three things about the measurement system
1) Only whole units of the lengths were used, never fractions
2) The twelve measurement lengths are all connected through circular geometry through the factors pi and phi.
3) The twelve lengths were used both as physical measures of length and also as pendulums to measure time thereby integrating the measurement of length and time in one measurement system.
Diagram to show the circular geometry relationship between the twelve Scottish measurement lengths
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Table to show the periods of the measurement lengths when used as pendulums (the 45.75cm and 50.0cm pendulums are solar time pendulums whereas the other are sidereal time (rel. to stars) pendulums)
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Table showing the dimensions of the pyramids of Giza expressed as "Scottish" measurement lengths
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When the dimensions of the pyramids are examined in terms of the measurement lengths found in Scotland. The base dimensions and heights can be seen to coincide with almost exactly whole hundred multiples of the Scottish lengths. However the lengths used in Scotland as pendulum lengths have different periods of oscillation in Egypt due to the different gravitational field due to the oblate shape of the Earth around the equator. When the pendulum lengths are adjusted slightly (mm) to give the same period the dimensions of the pyramids are extremely close to whole hundreds of these adjusted pendulum lengths originating in the North. It is interesting that the height of Khufu suggests that it never had a top (otherwise the increased height with a peak would not be a whole hundred of the ruler used) and that perhaps the flattened platform served some ceremonial purpose for the pharaoh standing on the platform perhaps as Betelgeuse appeared to sink into the truncated peak of Khufu so that the star and pharaoh appeared as one when viewed from the Khufu Valley temple (just a bit of colourful speculation perhaps).
Diagram of the Pyramid plans showing dimensions expressed as Scottish Measurement Lengths (before adjustment to account for gravity).
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It is also interesting that many of the other Egyptian pyramids shared the property of having dimensions that could be expressed as whole hundred of the Scottish pendulum lengths (such as 35.96cm, 46.35cm, 58.25cm and 52.36 and 26.18cm). Many appear to have had base dimensions based on the Half a Royal Cubit (26.18cm) which has a period of around 5974 swings/13Meg.Degrees (solar time) but perhaps more importantly the 26.18cm pendulum gave 12000 swings for the time (Hour Angle)separating the stars Rigel and Sirius, the pendulum therefore provided a means of connecting the "toe star" of Osiris with Isis embedded within the dimensions of this group of pyramids.
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There is also the suggestion that the height of the pyramids was only half the story because the peak of the pyramid was believed to be reflected down into the ground (into the underworld where those virtual inverted peaks were perfectly aligned with the stars of Orion after they had set and were moving towards the eastern horizon to rise again the following night. This allows the true height of Menkaure to be expressed as whole hundreds of the 26.18cm length (500) in the same manner as the other pyramids (rather than 125xRoyal Cubit or 250x26.18cm).
People might argue the origins of the measurement system being from Egypt rather than from the North but there are three reasons to believe the northern origins for the rulers
1) The earlier date of the Scottish monuments
2) The fact that the circular geometry relationships only work with the original measurements and once those lengths are adjusted for Egypt to take account of the different gravitational field, they lose that relationship
3) The measurement lengths used as pendulums realise their optimum performance at latitudes of 45-60⁰N.
Perhaps druid astronomers from the North were employed by the pharaoh to develop a measurement system tailor-made to the beliefs of Ancient Egypt and the stellar deities venerated by this culture, a system that was based on that used in the North of Europe. Perhaps these same druid astronomers used the stone circle alignments with the Sun and stars as the basis for the great pyramid project at Giza where instead of megaliths, they planned massive pyramids positioned to allow important bright stars to appear to sink into their apices when viewed from the open roof courtyards of the valley temples associated with each pyramid.
For more details of the lengths see Paper 1 (The Megalithic Yard (Stone Circle measurement lengths))and Paper 7 ((The Pyramids and Sphinx) on [www.decodingthepictishstones.com]
To finally discover the measurement units used we need to go back to Neolithic Scotland and examine the dimensions of the hundreds of Stone Circle remains to reveal the rulers used to measure the radii and circumferences of these monuments that pre-date the construction of the Pyramids of Giza by some 500 years.
A mathematical re-analysis of the measurement data made by Professor Thom (of Megalithic Yard fame)in his extensive surveys of stone circles carried out over decades of committed research has finally revealed the rulers used to construct the Scottish stone circles which emerge as distinctive peaks from graphs of the frequency that certain lengths appear from the division of the stone circle's internal radius data from dozens of the best-preserved circles.
The Neolithic measurement lengths indicated by the analysis are 35.96cm, 41.12cm, 45.75cm, 46.35cm, 50.00cm, 52.36cm, 56.48cm, 58.25cm. 63.66cm, 80.9cm, 116.5cm and 161.8cm.
Whilst it might seem chaotic that 12 measurement lengths should be used simultaneously we need to understand three things about the measurement system
1) Only whole units of the lengths were used, never fractions
2) The twelve measurement lengths are all connected through circular geometry through the factors pi and phi.
3) The twelve lengths were used both as physical measures of length and also as pendulums to measure time thereby integrating the measurement of length and time in one measurement system.
Diagram to show the circular geometry relationship between the twelve Scottish measurement lengths
[imgbb.co]
Table to show the periods of the measurement lengths when used as pendulums (the 45.75cm and 50.0cm pendulums are solar time pendulums whereas the other are sidereal time (rel. to stars) pendulums)
[imgbb.co]
Table showing the dimensions of the pyramids of Giza expressed as "Scottish" measurement lengths
[imgbb.co]
When the dimensions of the pyramids are examined in terms of the measurement lengths found in Scotland. The base dimensions and heights can be seen to coincide with almost exactly whole hundred multiples of the Scottish lengths. However the lengths used in Scotland as pendulum lengths have different periods of oscillation in Egypt due to the different gravitational field due to the oblate shape of the Earth around the equator. When the pendulum lengths are adjusted slightly (mm) to give the same period the dimensions of the pyramids are extremely close to whole hundreds of these adjusted pendulum lengths originating in the North. It is interesting that the height of Khufu suggests that it never had a top (otherwise the increased height with a peak would not be a whole hundred of the ruler used) and that perhaps the flattened platform served some ceremonial purpose for the pharaoh standing on the platform perhaps as Betelgeuse appeared to sink into the truncated peak of Khufu so that the star and pharaoh appeared as one when viewed from the Khufu Valley temple (just a bit of colourful speculation perhaps).
Diagram of the Pyramid plans showing dimensions expressed as Scottish Measurement Lengths (before adjustment to account for gravity).
[imgbb.co]
It is also interesting that many of the other Egyptian pyramids shared the property of having dimensions that could be expressed as whole hundred of the Scottish pendulum lengths (such as 35.96cm, 46.35cm, 58.25cm and 52.36 and 26.18cm). Many appear to have had base dimensions based on the Half a Royal Cubit (26.18cm) which has a period of around 5974 swings/13Meg.Degrees (solar time) but perhaps more importantly the 26.18cm pendulum gave 12000 swings for the time (Hour Angle)separating the stars Rigel and Sirius, the pendulum therefore provided a means of connecting the "toe star" of Osiris with Isis embedded within the dimensions of this group of pyramids.
[imgbb.co]
There is also the suggestion that the height of the pyramids was only half the story because the peak of the pyramid was believed to be reflected down into the ground (into the underworld where those virtual inverted peaks were perfectly aligned with the stars of Orion after they had set and were moving towards the eastern horizon to rise again the following night. This allows the true height of Menkaure to be expressed as whole hundreds of the 26.18cm length (500) in the same manner as the other pyramids (rather than 125xRoyal Cubit or 250x26.18cm).
People might argue the origins of the measurement system being from Egypt rather than from the North but there are three reasons to believe the northern origins for the rulers
1) The earlier date of the Scottish monuments
2) The fact that the circular geometry relationships only work with the original measurements and once those lengths are adjusted for Egypt to take account of the different gravitational field, they lose that relationship
3) The measurement lengths used as pendulums realise their optimum performance at latitudes of 45-60⁰N.
Perhaps druid astronomers from the North were employed by the pharaoh to develop a measurement system tailor-made to the beliefs of Ancient Egypt and the stellar deities venerated by this culture, a system that was based on that used in the North of Europe. Perhaps these same druid astronomers used the stone circle alignments with the Sun and stars as the basis for the great pyramid project at Giza where instead of megaliths, they planned massive pyramids positioned to allow important bright stars to appear to sink into their apices when viewed from the open roof courtyards of the valley temples associated with each pyramid.
For more details of the lengths see Paper 1 (The Megalithic Yard (Stone Circle measurement lengths))and Paper 7 ((The Pyramids and Sphinx) on [www.decodingthepictishstones.com]